uncle sam's 的200909.3森巴足球战术包。附中文介绍！

caicarl30

Introduction

Many things spring to mind when Brazilian football is mentioned. All of their players seem to possess skill, flair, vision, and passion for the game that is unsurpassed. Dynamic playmakers like Ronaldinho, Kaka, Robinho, and goal scorers like Ronaldo and Adriano display all of these characteristics. They’re out there having fun making football look easy, and reminding us of why we all love the beautiful game.

However, Brazil didn’t earn the five stars above their badge on individual talents alone. Their tactical systems are the result of more than a half century of evolution. Coaches like Mário Zagallo, Telê Santana, Cláudio Coutinho, and Carlos Alberto Parreira all made tactical contributions to the 4-4-2 Box Midfield formation.

Zagallo began the process in 1970 by teaching Brazil how to effectively use the open space with off the ball movements. Cláudio Coutinho introduced the concept of attacking and overlapping fullbacks. In the early 1980’s Telê Santana defined the midfield roles, creating the box midfield formation stilled in use today by Brazilian clubs. Parreira showed Brazil how to be organized and utilize the counter attack as a viable strategy.

Implementing the Brazilian box midfield into Football Manager can be a difficult proposition because of the limitations in the tactical instructions and interface. Some concepts are almost impossible to implement such as the defensive diamond, the see-saw effect, and funneling the ball to the pressure pockets. Nevertheless, it is possible to create an effective 4-4-2 Box Midfield in Football Manager.

Brazil's 1994 World Cup winning 4-4-2 Box Midfield Alignment

System Description

The basic formation is a flat back four with two holding midfielders, two attacking midfielders, and two forwards up front.

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There are a few different ways in which we can position the players in Football Manager to create this formation. The default 4-4-2 box midfield formation packaged in the game is set up like so:


There are some other ways to set up the formation to mirror the one used in real life. Here are a few examples:


There might be some other examples of how we can make the 4-4-2 Box Midfield work. For example, I have had some success previously by spread the Forwards out wide to open space for the attacking midfielders. For our purposes, however, we will focus on the 4-2-2-2 formation used by a number of AI Managers in FM.

Build Up

When building up play, we see how the space left on the flanks can be utilized. Instead of having a winger sitting on the flank, one of our wingbacks, attacking midfielders or forwards can move into the space. With no one positioned out there, there is a good chance it will empty. The player could also drag his marker, leaving that space open for someone else. This dynamic, flowing movement can wreak havoc on a defense. Below we see an example of this movement as play is built up down the right side. The attacking midfielder on the right moves into the space on the right. The strong side holding midfielder moves into the space vacated by the Attacking Mid. This flowing movement gives us the look of a 4-3-3.

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In the diagram below we see the alignment after the players have made their movements:

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As play moves into the opponents half we see the 4-3-3/3-4-3 look:

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Transition Play

When transitioning from defense to attack, the ball should be quickly circulated to the weak side. In the diagram below, we see the defensive midfielder about to win the ball.

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And below we see how the ball is moved to the side opposite from which it was won. Again the attacking midfielder moves into the open space on the flank to give the passer more options and to provide width:

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Defensive Movements

The most obvious and glaring weakness of the Box Midfield formation is the midfield flanks:

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This perceived weakness is due to the centralized location of the midfielders. However, this can actually be a defensive strength.

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As we see here, possession has been lost and the opponent has the ball out wide. The principle is that the players on the strong side have moved quickly out to pressure the ball and take away the passing options. These players move as a unit and slide out to the problem area. In this example, the attacking midfielder has put pressure on the ball, the left back has stepped up to take away his flank option, and the strong side holding midfielder has taken away his central option.

The remaining players now set up to cover and provide defensive support. This is where we see the centralized positioning of the midfielders provide numerical superiority. Because all of our players are in the middle of the park, we outnumber the opposition. The weak side defensive midfielder can now act as a stopper or a midfield sweeper of sorts.

Should the opponent decide to make a long switch across the pitch we will have ample time to reorganize and set up to pressure and cover while the ball is in flight.

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caicarl30

Above we see the principle of the defensive diamond. Being safe and organized in the back is very important in modern football. The defensive diamond helps to ensure that the defenders are able to adjust to any situation while not becoming flat in the back, and therefore susceptible to through balls, etc.

The diamond is made up of the two center backs and the weak side fullback and weak side defensive midfielder. These players should take up this position when both in possession and not in possession. When the ball is switched to the other side of the field, then the defensive diamond must rotate to adjust. A good way to describe this principle is to envision a see-saw, when one side of the formation moves forward, the other side retreats.



Principles of Brazilian Football

Now that we’ve seen the description of the Box Midfield system, let’s take a quick look at some of the principles that govern the Brazilian style of play.

1. Possession Passing Along the Floor
Brazilians don’t play a direct “hoof it up the pitch” style of football. They prefer a short passing game, and they generally don’t doddle on the ball. They try and minimize individual touches on the ball so that it is continuously moving.

-Implementation into FM: Some basic settings to best help simulate the Brazilian style are simple: the passing short. To make sure the ball stays moving, be very stingy with whom you give the “Run with Ball” instruction, and you may not want to set that instruction to “Often” on anyone.

2. Central Location of the Midfielders
This is not necessarily a universal principle, but with most Brazilian teams you will find that their midfielders are positioned centrally. Most of their 4-4-2 sets are ran with box or diamond midfields without outside midfielders or wingers. Brazilian 3-5-2 formations are actually more like a 5-3-2 with advancing wingbacks. The reason their midfielders are centrally positioned is so the flanks are there are for midfielders and fullbacks to make runs into. These runs are intended to help these players lose their marks and unbalance the defense.

-Implementation into FM: Simply position midfielders centrally. This encourages your fullbacks and midfielders to move into the open space.

3. Overlapping Fullbacks
Brazil essentially invented the overlapping fullback, or at least they perfected it. This innovation was cemented into the Brazilian style of play by the late Claudio Coutinho, used by Brazil in the 1978 World Cup. If not for politics and the corrupt way in which the 1978 tournament was organized, Brazil probably would have won it, having not actually lost a game in the event. The reason overlapping fullbacks is so effective in real world football is because they often come darting from the back unmarked, receiving the ball in space and ready to wreak havoc.

Implementation into FM: There are a few ways to get your fullbacks to overlap, and FM 2009 is the best version in recent memory to recreate this. Setting your fullbacks’ “Forward Runs” to “Often” should get the job done. It also helps if they have “Gets forward whenever possible” as a player preferred move.

4. Switching the Point of Attack
Brazilian attacks are typically very patient. They’ll try one side of the pitch and if that’s blocked, they’ll circulate the ball through to the other side. They will try the occasional one-touch lob to the other side, but generally they prefer to keep the ball on the ground and link up with 2-3 quick passes.

Implementation into FM: A little trickier than the other principles. The only way I have found to somewhat simulate it is set the passing to “Down both flanks”. The theory is, when an attack down one flank is stalled, the attacking team will try and swing it across to try the other flank rather than try and force an attack down the middle. In practice, though, that fix doesn’t typically work the way we would like. So really, switching the point of attack must pretty much be a natural phenomenon in Football Manager.

5. Receiving the Ball Away from the Direction it Came
If you watch a Brazilian playing, they will generally try to ensure that they receive the ball with their back facing the direction it came from. The idea is that this will allow the player to better read the situation and means his first touch will likely be away from the pressure.

Implementation into FM: Near impossible, really. The best way to try and replicate this is to set several players to “Try through balls” often or mixed, depending on passing ability. This way they are always playing the ball out in front of their target for them to run onto.

6. Zonal Defending
This is another principle that is not necessarily universally true, but most clubs and coaches in Brazil advocate a zonal defense.

Implementation into FM: Simple, set your players to zonal marking. In football manager, I actually don’t recommend setting your entire team to zonal marking, especially for the defensive tactics. If you have a world class side you can get away with it but in my experience it is better to set your defensive players to man marking.

7. Compact and Tight Formation
The formation needs to stay short and tight, so when defending you have as many defenders around the ball as possible. You want reduce the space the opposition has to play with the ball. Generally speaking, there should 10-12 meters between the three strata’s of the formation.

Implementation into FM: You can keep your formation compact first of all by setting your width to narrow. This will also help with the short passing game. Secondly, setting your defensive line higher up will shorten your formation further reducing space. Again, the priority here as this pertains to football manager is winning. While it would be nice to be able to recreate all of these principles we have to compromise on a few of them if we want to win trophies. For that reason I would recommend a wide formation when on the attack in FM. You can be narrow in your more defensive tactics.

Personnel
Now, let’s examine the type of personnel required for successfully employing the 4-4-2 Box Midfield.

--Goleiro (Goalkeeper)
The goalkeeper in this system is really no different from any other system, tactically speaking. Ideally, you are looking for the “Sweeper-Keeper” type of player since he will be called upon occasionally to clean up the trash that gets through.

Ratings to look for: Positioning, Command of Area, Agility, Jumping, Decisions, Aerial Ability, Concentration, Composure, Anticipation, Bravery

--Zagueiros (Center Backs)
The center backs will act as dual-sweepers in the 4-2-2-2 system. With the midfield being so congested, their role will be to clean up any balls that make their way through. They will also often be asked to cover for the fullbacks when they are caught attacking up the pitch.

Ratings to look for: Tackling, Heading, Marking, Positioning, Strength, Anticipation, Bravery, Aggression. (It also helps if they have good Pace and Acceleration)

--Laterais (Fullbacks)
In Brazil, the Fullbacks are arguably the most important position on the pitch. With the absence traditional wingers, the fullbacks ARE the wingers in this system. The flank is his domain, and he will be asked to not only defend it, but also attack and provide the width for the formation. He will often find himself unmarked coming out of the back, and this allows him to provide lethal service into the area.

Ratings to look for: Pace, Dribbling, Crossing, Off the Ball, Positioning, Tackling, Marking, Acceleration, Stamina, Natural Fitness, Anticipation

--Volantes (Defensive Midfielder)
Primarily, the Holding Midfielder in the Brazilian style of play is to offer defensive cover and support. He will be asked to destroy attacks coming through the center, and cover for the center backs when they step out to cover the fullbacks. Offensively, he will look to spray the ball to the attacking midfielders and the advancing fullbacks.

Ratings to look for: Tackling, Anticipation, Strength, Marking, Passing, Teamwork, Determination, Aggression (Long Shots is another good attribute for a Volante to have)

--Meias (Attacking Midfielders)
In Brazil, one reason for the evolution of the Box Midfield system is the sheer quantity of creative, attacking midfielders that naturally developed in the samba nation. It only makes sense when you have a plethora of one type of player and a shortage of another, you organize your team to take advantage of your strengths. Most clubs around the world spend a lot of time trying to find that special “Number Ten” type player, in Brazil they’re everywhere. From Kaká to Ronaldinho to Kerlon, the Brazilian player pool is replete with attacking midfielders. He will attack the opponents on the dribble, he will drift out wide to provide service, and he will play killer balls to the Forwards. The basic role of the Meias is to wreak havoc on the opponent’s defense.

Ratings to look for: Creativity, Flair, Dribbling, Passing, Off the Ball, Technique, Work Rate, Teamwork, Finishing, Acceleration, Pace

--Atacantes (Forwards)
Not too dissimilar from forward pairs in other systems, the basic role of the Atacantes is to score goals. Players like Ronaldo, Alexandre Pato, Jô, and Robinho occupy this role. Personally, I go with the complementary pair; a big striker and a quick forward. Obviously you can find a big striker who is fast, that is the ideal Atacante.

Ratings to look for: Finishing, Creativity, Flair, Pace, Dribbling, Strength, Heading, Jumping, Off the Ball, Positioning, Anticipation, Work Rate, Aggression

How To Use These Tactics

For those of you who are familiar with the Tactical Theorems and Frameworks principles for Football Manager, you will already have a pretty good idea of how to use these tactics. If not, I will do my best to explain how I use them. When you open up the file and find six different tactics, you might be confused. However, each tactic has its purpose and an appropriate time to use it.

First of all, to better understand when to use each strategy, it helps to understand how the AI Managers operate in football manager. Prior to each match, your opponent will examine the clubs’ reputation, your reputation, the match odds, and the location of the match. He will use this information to determine how he will approach you tactically. If he feels he is the superior team and should run you off the pitch, then he will probably begin with a heavily attacking strategy. If, however, he feels that you are holding all the cards then he most likely come out with a very defensive posture.

Your job will be to first attempt to ascertain how your opponent will approach you initially, and counter his strategy. So if you feel he will be attacking you aggressively, you may want to begin with the defensive strategy. As the match progresses, you may notice the AI change their style of play, or you may determine that your initial diagnosis was incorrect. At this point you will want to switch to the appropriate strategy.

Let’s look now at the six variations:

1. Attack
This is this is for when the opposition has decided to play it safe and try not to concede. Basically, your entire squad will look to get forward and apply pressure to the opposition.

2. Balance
This is the standard tactic. This is a good starting strategy for when both teams appear to be evenly matched.

3. Counter
This is a slightly more cautious version of the Balance strategy. It’s a little tighter, and both Volantes will stay back and cover. It’s sort of an “Away” version of the Balance tactic.

4. Defend
This is for when the opponent is throwing lots of players forward. If the opponent is a heavy favorite, or are attacking you aggressively then this is the strategy to employ.

5. Control
I use this tactic when the opponent goes to the 3-3-2-1-1 (the match commentary refers to it as the 5-4-1). They are clearly not even trying to score and just want to stay in shape.

6. Bunker
This is for when the AI pulls out the 4-2-4. Here, you are the one trying to stay in shape and hold on to your precarious lead.

Conclusion

When it comes to tactics in football manager, I am no expert. Most of my tactical creations have been influenced in one way or another by several sources. It has served me well, but it seems like no matter what, everyone has a different experience with the game. So I do not promise that this set of tactics will lead to untold glories and success for you. It is merely my FM tribute to Brazilian tactics. I hope that at the very least you were able to glean an idea or two from this and apply it to your own tactical experiments.

So I wish you good luck, and Joga Bonito!

caicarl30

原文在http://www.sortitoutsi.net/forum/index.php?showtopic=40477

2008年这位作者的森巴足球的战术曾经风魔一时。

loz-luckybo

:tsj23]....看不懂  支持下

caicarl30

前言

岁月蹉跎，俊男易老，在我身在德国观看美国队与巴西队的世界杯第一轮淘汰赛时已经是离上次美国世界杯很久了（这里俺要感谢俺的朋友和他那个有钱的叔叔）。美国队在此次大赛中发挥出色，在小组赛里出人意料的……[冰箱：此处省略1k字废话…-_-!]，巴西的桑巴战士们永远地改变了我对于足球这项运动的理解。

一定要给巴西队比赛一个形容的话只能说看他们的比赛就像是欣赏一支管弦乐队的表演。从个体上讲，每个乐器都能够演奏出自己特有的动听声音；整体的组织起来以后，这些乐器可以演奏出世界上最美妙的音乐。对于这支巴西队一直有这么一种批评的声音，就是说这么多年来巴西足球带给人们的美感和艺术感染力都被这支巴西队给遭踏了。很多人多这么有组织性的巴西队根本就不能算是巴西队。大多数人其实都在不切实际的希望巴西队的球员能够用他们的桑巴舞在每场比赛里过掉14个人[冰箱：14人？11+3嘛！:D 幽默的原作者] 然后漂亮的赢下每场比赛。然而对于现代足球而言，这是不现实的。事实上，巴西队在这届世界杯 以前的几次大赛上没有取得好成绩就是因为整个原因。这种情况一直持续到了94年Parreira入主之后，他将巴西球员自身的天赋良好的组织了起来，将自身的即兴发挥和良好的团队配合完美地结合在了一起，这样的巴西队，终于时隔24年再一次举起了他们梦寐以求的奖杯。

当我开始我自己的教练生涯的时候，我就不禁详细的研究起巴西足球的战术和风格。在发现FM这款游戏之前，我已经对巴西队进行了大量的研究工作，观看了无数的比赛录像。自从开始玩这款游戏之后，我之前对于巴西队的研究也深深地影响到了我在这款游戏中战术的运用。所以本文要讲的就是巴西队的战术体系以及我们如何可以把这个体系完美的运用到FM08之中。

概论：巴西足球的理念

1具有控制力的地面传球

现实中，众所周知，巴西队不是那种长传冲吊的球队。他们更喜欢短传渗透，而且大体上讲他们的球员也不会很粘球。他们尝试在比赛中把个人对球的控制时间减少到最低，这样就可以使皮球在不断的快速传递中向前进攻。在他们看来，控球权是极为宝贵的，所以他们不会急着推进到禁区已形成射门。这种流畅的慢速推进是巴西足球艺术的一个标志。

在FM的游戏里，有一些球队的基础设置可以用来形成巴西队的打法，比如设置比赛节奏为慢，传球为短。为了达到传球推进而非个人带球推进的效果，就需要把每个球员的盘带设置为混合或者基本不，千万不要设置成经常，那个球员有可能会径自带球跑上个20米的。

2中场球员的站位

这个可能不是一个普遍适用的战术理念，但是对于绝大部份巴西的球队来说，你会很容易发现他们的中场球员都是站在中路的。他们的大部份4-4-2战术都是采用了Box [冰箱：四方站位，见下文] 或者没有MRL和边锋的小菱形站位。而巴西队的3-5-2阵形其实不如说是带有强力攻击型边后卫的5-3-2来的更恰当一点。之所以巴西队采用这个站位的原因就是这样站位以后他们球队的后腰位置便可以变得十分灵活，可以依形势由中场球员回防或者后卫前插抢位来控制这个位置。在进攻中，这样的站位也有利于中场球员的跑位摆脱以及对于对手防守阵形的破坏。

在游戏里，游戏没有这么复杂，只能简单的设置中场球员的站为。我们会在之后想细讲到游戏中阵形的设计。阵形也许是最容易在游戏里实现的元素了。

3边后卫插上

事实上是巴西队首创了边后卫插上的战术，或者至少可以说是巴西队完善了这种战术。这种战术的首次运用是在巴西队1978年的世界杯比赛上。如果不是政治原因和足协腐败，巴西事实上是可以赢下那届世界杯的，事实上在那届世界杯他们并没有真正意义上的输过一场比赛。边后卫插上的战术之所以在现实世界的足球里屡试不爽的原因就是，当边后卫突然飞速插上时，通常并没有特定的对方球员在盯防他，他可以轻易的在即大的空间内随自己的意愿处理球。

在游戏里，只有为数不多的几种方法可以让你的边后卫插上，而且在我记忆里FM08是目前为止能够阐述这种思路的最好的一个版本。游戏里让边后卫插上最简单的办法当然是球员的前插指令了，把它设置为混合或者经常，那样你的边后卫就会时常跑到进攻位置了。你也可以通过拉线来完成这个目标。

4进攻方位变换

巴西人的进攻是最具有耐心的。他们会在左边尝试渗透，如果在这边进攻受阻，又会很耐心的把球传递到右边进行同样的事情。他们偶尔也会才用横跨球场的长距离高球来进行进攻重心的转移。但是大致上来说，他们更喜欢以两三脚快速的地面传球来转移他们的进攻方位。

在游戏里，相较于其他理念的实现有一些难度。我发现的唯一方法就是把传球设置为底线传球。这样的话当一个进攻球员攻到球场一侧的底线受到阻拦时，所有投入到进攻中的球员就会侧重于从相反的一侧进攻，而不是强行在这一侧或中路形成射门。

5跑位中转身接球

如果你仔细观察巴西人踢球，你会发现，在比赛中他们都会尝试在他们接到传球的一瞬间用自己的后背去面对来球路线。这样做的好处就是在球员接球的一瞬间他可以有更加广阔的视野以及更好的互球辟免停球瞬间被破坏。

在游戏里，实现这个理念几乎是不可能的……我想最佳的有可能达到这种效果的设置就是设置一定的球员的直塞为混合或经常，当然这个是依赖于传球技能的。这种设定下，他们会经常传出很深的身前球，以便前锋可以摆脱防守得到皮球。

6区域防守

这个足球理念在现在的足球里可能已经不是必要的了，[冰箱，被更加完美的链式防守以及凶狠的双后腰所取代] ，然而巴西国内却还有很多教练反复强调着这种防守方法。

在游戏里，要实现它太简单了，把球员都设置成区域防守就好了。

7密集紧凑的阵形

在巴西队的理念里，阵型一定要短而紧凑，这是因为在防守的时候你可以在球的周围形成一定的人数优势。如果想要阵型变得紧凑，就必须要减少球员之间的距离，一般来说就是每三个球员形成的小三角的边长应在10到12米之内。

在游戏中，你可以通过设置保一个狭窄的阵形来保持其始终紧凑，这也能帮助提高短传配合的成功率。其次，把你的防线设置成压上，可以使你的阵形变得更短，从而减少球员与球员之间的空间。

人员配置

这种4-4-2 Box中场站位的阵型可以适用于很多风格的足球，但是如果你想打出桑巴风格的话那球员的选择就不是随随便便的事情了。你需要的球员必须有良好的身体条件和很高的传球数值，并且最好有比较高的团队合作数值。你的边后卫一定需要是一个进攻能力全面的球员，那些速度比较慢的防守专家是不能适应这种边卫插上传球传中的巴西式进攻打法的。

然而这个阵型也提供了一个在建设球队时的很大的优势，那就是中场。在一个标准的平行站位4人中场里，你经常需要找出4名风格迥异的球员来担当四个位置。你得分别寻找左右边锋，两名顶尖中路MC，一个司职进攻，一个司职防守。当然同时你也需要阵容的深度，所以你又不得不为以上的四人找替补用以打轮换或是应付伤病。如果要拥有一套完整的轮换阵容，你基本是需要8名中场球员。然而采用Box中场站位的话，事情就变得简单多了，你所需要的全部就是找到两个进攻型中场和两个防守型中场，对于这样的阵容替补也会变得容易找很多，因为一般来说你只会需要进攻防守各一人的替补，而不是4个。

说到中场的时候，有时后确实很难找到一个能够胜任全部工作的全能型人物。举例来说，一个同时拥有很高的传球盘带以及射门属性的进攻型中场是极难找到的。所以对于那些本身没有条件引进这类球员的俱乐部来说，分工也许是不错的选择，比如两个AM，一个能盘带，一个能传球。你可以在球员的具体指令中进行具体设置，从而使得他们俩人进行互补。盘带好的就给高一点的盘带，传球好的就少带多传。同样的，这也适用于两名防守型中场。

总结

但愿你们没有在看了标题之后觉得可以在这边文章里找到那种侵略性打法的讲解[冰箱：看来国外也很流行屠夫流:D]，因为本文只是在现实的基础上通过游戏来模拟巴西队的战术。如今的巴西足球已经非常的有组织性了，我不太愿意提及防守，但是即便是在最美丽的攻势足球里它也是存在的。在采用了这套体系后，带给你胜利的往往是一些2-1的比分，而不是那种5-4。

[冰箱：其间省略废话1k字……]

对于我提供的4个阵形的使用的一点说明，通常我会在主场或者极为简单的客场使用进攻型（Attack），然后在普通的客场使用平衡型（Balanced）。反击阵型（Counter）用于对抗电脑的狂攻阵。

另外需要注意的是在提供的阵形里，防守型中场里靠右侧的那位更偏重于防守。他总是会呆在后场支援防守。而左侧的那名防守中场则会不定的插上助攻。这个配置是复制了94年世界杯巴西队夺冠时Mauro Silva和Dunga的工作分配，当时Dunga分担了更多的进攻任务，而Mauro Silva则全职防守。在配置你的阵容的时候请留意到这一点。

后话

这个战术或许并不完美，也并没有什么石破天惊之处，我只是希望能将我执教Houston Dynamo应用的Box中场站位完美地运用到游戏中。如果你用了这个阵形，你将会看到一些很完美的桑巴足球范例，比如精妙的短传配合、空位的把握以及在攻守转换中行云流水的得分。最后我想给出一些最能体现我这个阵形思路的进球集锦——Youtube中此战术的进球集锦。

intersva

其实发阵型是关键啊  :ljh056)

caicarl30

阵型已经在里面的。

sm12345best

看不懂啊 唉

10240147

解压时有点特别情况啊。。。。

tzw8820

kao ,what is this ,Can you speak chinese,france,阿尔巴尼亚,卜鲁卜鲁卡卡?

woaiyy

下来研究一下

marfaramir

好多字...先顶一下, 有空在慢慢看...

4inloverr

好强大啊
看看。。

tdtdtdtd

没怎么弄明白啊

pluto1979

略有收获，感谢分享

考拉熊

太深奥了啊

nicholas_sky

字数很多，先顶再看

Super阿森纳

太有技术含量了，我看不懂~~！

bigtmac

战术分析贴，留名慢慢研究

mooncn

看不懂 纯支持了